We have a great deal of experience supporting bidders and regulatory authorities with regard to high-stakes spectrum auctions. We assist bidders (large and small) both in the consultation phase to ensure optimal auction rules (e.g. regarding spectrum caps) and leading up to the auction itself to ensure that the bid team is well-prepared. Our analysis serves to optimise bid strategy (to win as much spectrum as cheaply as possible), building on game theoretical analysis, customised software tools and interactive “war games” workshops. We also provide support during the auction, delivering live analysis and specific bid recommendations as the auction develops. Furthermore, we have great experience advising regulators on auction design, ensuring that the auction format and specific auction rules are well-suited to achieve the regulator’s objectives. We have worked with all major auction formats, including the Simultaneous Multiple Round Ascending auction (SMRA), the Combinatorial Clock Auction (CCA), Simple Clock Auctions (SCA), the Combinatorial Multiple Round Ascending Auction (CMRA), and sealed-bid formats.